EU AI Act
Article 53: obligations for general-purpose AI providers
Baseline duties for any provider that places a general-purpose AI model on the EU market, whether free or commercial.
What it covers
Article 53 requires GPAI providers to:
- Maintain up-to-date technical documentation describing the training and testing process, evaluation results, and the model's capabilities and limitations.
- Make information and documentation available to downstream providers that integrate the model into their own AI systems.
- Put a policy in place to comply with EU copyright law, including the text-and-data-mining opt-out under Article 4(3) of Directive 2019/790.
- Publish a sufficiently detailed summary of the content used for training, following a template provided by the AI Office.
- Free and open-source GPAI models are exempt from the documentation duties (1 and 2 above) unless they qualify as systemic-risk models under Article 51.
When it applies
Applicable since 2 August 2025 for newly placed models. Models placed on the market before that date must come into compliance by 2 August 2027.
Penalty exposure
Enforced under the separate GPAI regime in Article 101: up to €15M or 3% of worldwide annual turnover, whichever is higher.